Keith H. Bridwell, MD

The Asa C. and Dorothy W. Jones Professor
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Chief, Orthopaedic Spine Surgery

Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, MO USA

The Asa C. and Dorothy W. Jones Professor
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Chief, Orthopaedic Spine Surgery
Co-Director, Pediatric/Adult Spinal Deformity Service
Founder, Pediatric/Adult Spinal Deformity Service at Washington University (1985)
Founder, Washington University Spinal Fellowship (1991)
Washington University School of Medicine

Dr. Keith Bridwell is Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery at Washington University School of Medicine. He is the founder and Director of the Washington University (St. Louis) Spine Fellowship program, which was initiated in 1991 and to-date has trained 24 fellows, with 3 currently in training. Dr. Bridwell is Chief of Spine Surgery in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, and is the Asa C. and Dorothy W. Jones Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery. He holds hospital appointments at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis Children's Hospital, and St. Louis Shriners Hospital for Children.

Following a medical degree at Washington University Medical School in 1977, Dr. Bridwell did his orthopaedic internship and orthopaedic surgery residency at Washington University School of Medicine. In 1982, he completed a spinal deformity research fellowship at Rush Medical College, the University of Illinois, and Chicago Shriners Hospital for Children. Since that time, Dr. Bridwell has limited his practice to spinal surgery, mostly complex spinal disorders and spinal deformity surgery. In 1985, Dr. Bridwell received board certification from the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery.

Dr. Bridwell is an active member of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, the North American Spine Society, the Scoliosis Research Society and the American Orthopaedic Association. He was the local host for the Scoliosis Research Society meeting in St. Louis in 1997. He has been the Chairman of the Program and the Membership Committees for the Scoliosis Research Society and has served on its Board of Directors. He is the immediate Past President of the Scoliosis Research Society. The Scoliosis Research Society is the leading international society for the study of spinal deformity and the oldest orthopaedic specialty society in North America.

Since 1982, Dr. Bridwell has been an active researcher in the spine field. He has contributed >40 chapters to medical textbooks, >130 articles to scientific peer-reviewed journals, and >200 scientific abstracts/ presentations. He is a deputy editor for Spine. Dr. Bridwell is co-editor-in-chief with Ronald L. DeWald, M.D. of The Textbook of Spinal Surgery, editions 1 and 2. The third edition of The Textbook of Spinal Surgery is currently under development.

Dr. Bridwell's clinical practice includes all aspects of spinal surgery, both pediatric and adult. However, the emphasis has been spinal deformity, in particular idiopathic adolescent scoliosis and adult idiopathic scoliosis with superimposed degenerative changes, fixed sagittal and coronal imbalance syndromes and high-grade spondylolisthesis.

Dr. Bridwell is listed in The Best Doctors in America.

Financial Disclosure: 

Grants/Research Support, Consultant: Medtronic.

Publications 

Peer-Reviewed Manuscripts

  1. Manske PR, Bridwell KH, Lesker PA: Nutrient pathways to flexor tendons of chickens using tritiated proline. J Hand Surg 1978;3:352-357
  2. Manske PR, Bridwell KH, Whiteside LA, Lesker PA: Nutrition of flexor tendons in monkeys. Clin Orthop 1978;136:294-298
  3. Manske PR, Lesker PA, Bridwell KH: Experimental studies in chickens on the initial nutrition of tendon grafts. J Hand Surg 1979;4:565-575
  4. DeWald RL, Bridwell KH, Prodromas C, Rodts MF: Reconstructive spinal surgery as palliation for metastatic malignancies of the spine. Spine 1985;10(1):21-26
  5. Bridwell KH: Treatment of a markedly displaced hangman's fracture with a Luque rectangle and a posterior fusion in a 71-year-old man. Case report. Spine 1986;11(1):49-52
  6. Stone JW, Bridwell KH, Shackelford GD, Abramson CL: Dural ectasia as a cause for spontaneous spine dislocation in neurofibromatosis. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 1987;69(7):1079-1083
  7. Bridwell KH, Jenny AJ, Saul TS, Rich KM, Grubb RL: Posterior segmental spinal instrumentation (PSSI) with posterolateral decompression and debulking for metastatic thoracic and lumbar spine disease: Limitations of the technique. Spine 1988;13(12):1383-1394
  8. Owen JH, Laschinger J, Bridwell KH, Shimon S, Nielsen C, Dunlap J, Kain C: Sensitivity and specificity of somatosensory and neurogenic motor evoked potentials in animals and humans. Spine 1988;13(10):1111-1118
  9. Owen JH, Jenny AB, Naito M, Weber K, Bridwell KH, McGhee R: Effects of spinal cord lesioning on somatosensory and neurogenic motor evoked potentials. Spine 1989;14(7):673-682
  10. Bernhardt M, Bridwell KH: Segmental analysis of the sagittal plane alignment of the normal thoracic and lumbar spines and thoracolumbar junction. Spine 1989;14(7):717-721
  11. Rames R, Schoenecker PL, Bridwell KH: Chylothorax after posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion. Clin Orthop 1990;261:229-232
  12. Bridwell KH, Campbell JW, Barenkamp SJ: Surgical treatment of hematogenous vertebral aspergillus osteomyelitis. Spine 1990;15(4):281-285
  13. Luke D, Bridwell KH: "Silent" spinal dislocation in a Charcot spine occurring post- laminectomy. Case report and review of the literature. J Spinal Disord 1990;3(1):87 92
  14. Bridwell KH, Betz RR, Capelli AM, Huss G, Harvey C: Sagittal plane analysis in idiopathic scoliosis patients treated with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation. Spine 1990;15(7):644-649 and 15(9):921-926 (same article published in two different issues)
  15. Owen JH, Naito M, Bridwell KH: Relationship among level of distraction, evoked potentials, spinal cord ischemia and integrity, and clinical status in animals. Spine 1990;15(9):852-857
  16. Naito M, Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Oakley DM: Blood flow direction in the lumbar nerve root. Spine 1990;15(9):966-968
  17. Slawski DP, Bridwell KH, Manley CB: Acute renal obstruction after combined anterior and posterior arthrodeses on the convex side of the spine. A case report. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 1990;72(8):1259-1261
  18. Owen JH, Naito M, Bridwell KH, Oakley DM: Relationship between duration of spinal cord ischemia and postoperative neurologic deficits in animals. Spine 1990;15(7):618-622 (Article Nos. 18 and 19 are very similar, but not absolutely identical)
  19. Owen JH, Naito M, Bridwell KH, Oakley DM: Relationship between duration of spinal cord ischemia and postoperative neurologic deficits in animals. Spine 1990;15(9):846-851 (Article Nos. 18 and 19 are very similar, but not absolutely identical)
  20. Bridwell KH, McAllister JW, Betz RR, Huss G, Clancy M, Schoenecker PL: Coronal decompensation produced by Cotrel-Dubousset "derotation" maneuver for idiopathic right thoracic scoliosis. Spine 1991;16(7): 769-777
  21. Owen JH, Padberg AM, Spahr-Holland L, Bridwell KH, Keppler L, Steffee AD: Clinical correlation between degenerative spine disease and dermatomal somatosensory-evoked potentials in humans. Spine 1991;16(6S):S201-205
  22. Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Grubb R, Jenny A, Allen B, Padberg AM, Shimon SM: The clinical application of neurogenic motor evoked potentials to monitor spinal cord function during surgery. Spine 1991;16(8S): S385-390
  23. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Baldus C, Blanke K: Analysis of pulmonary function and axis rotation in adolescent and young adult idiopathic scoliosis patients treated with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation. J Spinal Disord 1992;5(1):16-25
  24. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Baldus C, Blanke K, Schoenecker PL: Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg 1992;74A(7):1056-1067
  25. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Bullis D, Betz RR, Baldus C, Schoenecker PL: Results of in situ posterior fusion for isthmic spondylolisthesis. J Spinal Disord 1992;5(4):433-442
  26. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Baldus C, Blanke K: Preventing decompensation in King type II curves treated with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation. Strict guidelines for selective thoracic fusion. Spine 1992;17(8S): S274-281
  27. Naito M, Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Sugioka Y: Effects of distraction on physiologic integrity of the spinal cord, spinal cord blood flow, and clinical status. Spine 1992;17(10):1154-1158
  28. Feldman MD, Bridwell KH, Sheridan JJ: Hyndman-Schneider procedure for paraplegia caused by a sharp, angular scoliosis: A case report and a review of the literature. J Spinal Disord 1993;6(1):76-82
  29. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Baldus C, Blanke K, Schoenecker PL: Ability of Cotrel Dubousset instrumentation to preserve distal lumbar motion segments in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Spinal Disord 1993;6(4):339-350
  30. Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG: Innervation pattern of dorsal roots and their effects on the specificity of dermatomal somatosensory evoked potentials. Spine 1993;18(6):748-754
  31. Kai Y, Owen JH, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Oakley DM, Sugioka Y: Use of sciatic neurogenic motor evoked potentials versus spinal potentials to predict early-onset neurologic deficits when intervention is still possible during overdistraction. Spine 1993;18(9):1134-1139
  32. Bridwell KH, Sedgewick TA, O'Brien MF, Lenke LG, Baldus C: The role of fusion and instrumentation in the treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis. J Spinal Disord 1993;6(6):461-472
  33. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Jaffe AS: Increase in creatine kinase MB isoenzyme levels after spinal surgery. J Spinal Disord 1994;7(1):70-76
  34. Adams JE III, Sicard GA, Allen BT, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Davila-Roman VG, Bodor GS, Ladenson JH, Jaffe AS: Diagnosis of perioperative myocardial infarction with measurement of cardiac troponin I. N Engl J Med 1994;330(10):670-674
  35. Bridwell KH: Surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: The basics and the controversies. (Spine Update) Spine 1994;19(9):1095-1100
  36. O'Brien MF, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Schoenecker PL: Intracanalicular osteochondroma producing spinal cord compression in hereditary multiple exostoses. J Spinal Disord 1994;7(3):236-241
  37. O'Brien MF, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Padberg A, Stokes M: Evoked potential monitoring of the upper extremities during thoracic and lumbar spinal deformity surgery: A prospective study. J Spinal Disord 1994;7(4):277-284
  38. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, O'Brien MF, Baldus C, Blanke K: Recognition and treatment of the proximal thoracic curve in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis treated with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation. Spine 1994; 19(14):1589-1597
  39. O'Brien MF, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Blanke K, Baldus C: Preoperative spinal canal investigation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis curves 70°. Spine 1994;19(14):1606-1610
  40. O'Brien MF, Lenke LG, Lou J, Bridwell KH, Joyce MF: Astrocyte response and transforming growth factor-beta localization in acute spinal cord injury. Spine 1994;19(20):2321-2329
  41. Bridwell KH, O'Brien MF, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K: Posterior spinal fusion supplemented with only allograft bone in paralytic scoliosis: Does it work? Spine 1994;19(23):2658-2666
  42. Konrad P, Owen JH, Bridwell KH: Magnetic stimulation of the spine to produce lower extremity EMG responses: Significance of coil position and the presence of bone. Spine 1994;19(24): 2812-2818
  43. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Blanke K, Baldus C: Analysis of pulmonary function and chest cage dimension changes after thoracoplasty in idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 1995;20(12):1343-1350
  44. Gelb DE, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Blanke K, McEnery KW: An analysis of sagittal spinal alignment in 100 asymptomatic middle and older aged volunteers. Spine 1995;20(12):1351-1358
  45. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Blanke K, Baldus C: Prospective analysis of nutritional status normalization after spinal reconstructive surgery. Spine 1995;20(12):1359-1367
  46. Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, McEnery KW, Baldus C, Blanke K: Anterior fresh frozen structural allografts in the thoracic and lumbar spine: Do they work if combined with posterior fusion and instrumentation in adult patients with kyphosis or anterior column defects? Spine 1995;20(12):1410-1418
  47. Lenke LG, Padberg AM, Russo MH, Bridwell KH, Gelb DE: Triggered electromyographic stimulation threshold for accuracy of pedicle screw placement: An animal model and clinical correlation. Spine 1995; 20(14):1585-1591
  48. Bridwell KH: Where to stop the fusion distally in adult scoliosis -- L4, L5, or the sacrum? In: Pritchard DJ (Ed), American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Instructional Course Lectures, Vol. 45, Rosemont, IL, February, 1996, pp 101-107
  49. Bridwell KH: Load sharing principles: The role and use of anterior structural support in adult deformity. In: Pritchard DJ (Ed), American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Instructional Course Lectures, Vol. 45, Rosemont, IL, February 1996, pp 109-115
  50. Hamill CL, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Chapman MP, Blanke K, Baldus C: The use of pedicle screw fixation to improve correction in the lumbar spine of patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Is it warranted? Spine 1996; 21(10):1241-1249
  51. Padberg AM, Russo MH, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Komanetsky RM: Validity and reliability of spinal cord monitoring in neuromuscular spinal deformity surgery. J Spinal Disord 1996;9(2): 150-158
  52. Bridwell KH: Spinal instrumentation in the management of adolescent scoliosis. In: Balderston RA (ed), Spinal Instrumentation. Clin Orthop 1997;335:64-72
  53. Hamill CL, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Chapman MP, Baldus C, Blanke K: Posterior arthrodesis in the skeletally immature patient. Assessing the risk for crankshaft. Is an open triradiate cartilage the answer? Spine 1997;22(12):1343-1351
  54. Vedantam R, Lenke LG, Keeney JA, Bridwell KH: Comparison of standing sagittal spinal alignment in asymptomatic adolescents and adults. Spine 1998;23(2):211-215
  55. Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K: Major intraoperative neurologic deficits in pediatric and adult spinal deformity patients: Incidence and etiology at one institution. Spine 1998;23(3):324-331
  56. Gupta P, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Marsicano J, Baldus C, Blanke K: Incidence of neural axis abnormalities in infantile and juvenile patients with spinal deformity: Is a screening MRI necessary? Spine 1998;23(2): 206-210
  57. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Blanke K, Baldus C, Weston J: Radiographic results of arthrodesis with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation for the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. A five to ten-year follow-up study. J Bone Joint Surg 1998;80A(6):807-814
  58. Komanetsky RM, Padberg AM, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Russo MH, Chapman MP, Hamill CL: Neurogenic motor evoked potentials: A prospective comparison of stimulation methods in spinal deformity surgery. J Spinal Disord 1998;11(1):21-28
  59. Marsicano J, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Chapman MP, Gupta P, Weston J: The lordotic effect of the OSI frame on operative adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients. Spine 1998;23(12):1341-134860
  60. Padberg AM, Wilson-Holden TJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH: Somatosensory- and motor-evoked potential monitoring without a wake-up test during idiopathic scoliosis surgery: An accepted standard of care. Spine 1998;23(12):1392-1400
  61. Bridwell KH: Normalization of the coronal and sagittal profile in idiopathic scoliosis: Options of treatment. Journal of Orthopaedic Science (The Japanese Orthopaedic Association) 1998;3:125-34
  62. Brown C, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Geideman WM, Hasan SA, Blanke K: Complications of pediatric thoracolumbar and lumbar pedicle screws. Spine 1998;23(14):1566-1571
  63. Lenke LG, Betz RR, Bridwell KH, Clements DH, Harms J, Lowe TG, Shufflebarger HL: Intraobserver and interobserver reliability in the classification of thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg 1998;80A(8):1097-1106
  64. Linville D, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Vedantam R, Leicht P: Complications in the adult spinal deformity patient having combined surgery: Does revision increase the risk? Spine 1999;24(4):355-363
  65. Molinari RW, Bridwell KH, Klepps SJ, Baldus C: Minimum 5 year follow-up of anterior column structural allografts in the thoracic and lumbar spine. Spine 1999;24(10):967-972
  66. Lenke LG, Betz RR, Bridwell KH, Harms J, Clements DH, Lowe TG: Spontaneous lumbar curve coronal correction after selective anterior or posterior thoracic fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 1999; 24(16):1663-1671
  67. Sweet FA, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Blanke KM: Maintaining lumbar lordosis with anterior single solid-rod instrumentation in thoracolumbar and lumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 1999;24(16):1655-1662
  68. Bridwell KH, Baldus C, Iffrig TM, Lenke LG, Blanke K: Process measures and patient/parent evaluation of surgical management of spinal deformities in patients with progressive flaccid neuromuscular (Duchenne's muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy). Spine 1999;24(13):1300-1309
  69. Booth KC, Bridwell KH, Eisenberg BA, Baldus CR, Lenke LG: Minimum 5-year results of degenerative spondylolisthesis treated with decompression and instrumented posterior fusion. Spine 1999;24(16):1721-1727
  70. Molinari RW, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Ungacta F, Riew KD: Complications in the surgical treatment of pediatric high-grade, isthmic dysplastic spondylolisthesis: A comparison of three surgical approaches. Spine 1999;24(16):1701-1711
  71. Wilson-Holden TJ, Padberg AM, Lenke LG, Larson BJ, Bridwell KH, Bassett GS: Efficacy of intraoperative monitoring for pediatric patients with spinal cord pathology undergoing spinal deformity surgery. Spine 1999;24(16):1685-1692
  72. Booth KC, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus CR, Blanke KM: Complications and predictive factors for the successful treatment of flatback deformity (fixed sagittal imbalance). Spine 1999;24(16):1712-1720
  73. Vedantam R, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Linville DA: Comparison of push-prone and lateral-bending radiographs for predicting postoperative coronal alignment in thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliotic curves. Spine 2000:25(1):76-81
  74. Vedantam R, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Haas J, Linville DA: A prospective evaluation of pulmonary function in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis relative to the surgical approach used for spinal arthrodesis. Spine 2000;25(1):82-90
  75. Bridwell KH: Surgical treatment of idiopathic adolescent scoliosis. Spine (Focus Issue) 1999;24(24):2607-2616
  76. Padberg AM, Bridwell KH: Spinal cord monitoring: Current state-of-the-art. In: Stanitski DF (ed): Disorders of the Pediatric Spine, Orthop Clin North Am 1999;30(3):407-433
  77. Lenke LG, Betz RR, Harms J, Bridwell KH, Clements DH, Lowe TG, Blanke K: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A new classification to guide extent of spinal arthrodesis. J Bone Joint Surg 2001:83A(8):1169-1181
  78. Eck KR, Bridwell KH, Ungacta FF, Lapp MA, Lenke LG, Riew KD: Analysis of titanium mesh cages in adults with minimum two-year follow-up. Spine 2000;25(18):2407-2415
  79. Vedantam R, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Linville DL, Blanke K: The effect of variation in arm position on sagittal spinal alignment. Spine 2000;25(17):2204-2209
  80. Tenhula J, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Gupta P, Riew D: Prospective functional evaluation of the surgical treatment of neurogenic claudication in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. J Spinal Disord 2000;13(4): 276-282
  81. Eck KR, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Gilula LA, Lashgari CJ, Riew KD: Radiographic assessment of anterior titanium mesh cages. J Spinal Disord 2000;13(6):501-509
  82. Bridwell KH, Shufflebarger HL, Lenke LG, Lowe TG, Betz RR, Bassett GS: Parents and patients preferences and concerns in idiopathic adolescent scoliosis: A cross-sectional preoperative analysis. Spine 2000;25(18): 2392-2399
  83. Riew KD, Yin Y, Gilula L, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Lauryssen C, Goette K: The effect of nerve-root injections on the need for operative treatment of lumbar radicular pain: A prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blinded study. J Bone Joint Surg 2000;82A(11):1589-93
  84. Wilson-Holden TJ, Padberg AM, Parkinson JD, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Bassett GS: A prospective comparison of neurogenic mixed evoked potential stimulation methods: Utility of epidural elicitation during posterior spinal surgery. Spine 2000;25(18):2364-2371
  85. Graham EJ, Lenke LG, Lowe TG, Betz RR, Bridwell KH, Kong Y, Blanke K: Prospective pulmonary function evaluation following open thoracotomy for anterior spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 2000;25(18):2319-2325
  86. Sponseller PD, LaPorte DM, Hungerford MW, Eck K, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG: Deep wound infections after neuromuscular scoliosis surgery: A multicenter study of risk factors and treatment outcomes. Spine 2000;25(19):2461-2466
  87. Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Lewis SJ: Treatment of spinal stenosis and fixed sagittal imbalance. In: Hansraj KK, O'Leary PF (eds): New Developments in Lumbar Spinal Stenosis (Symposium). Clin Orthop 2001; 384:35-44
  88. Klepps S, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Bassett GS, Whorton J: Prospective comparison of flexibility radiographs in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 2001;26(5):E74-E79
  89. Lapp MA, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K, Iffrig TM: Prospective randomization of parenteral hyperalimentation for long fusions with spinal deformity: Its effect on complications and recovery from postoperative malnutrition. Spine 2001;26(7):809-817
  90. Lapp MA, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Riew KD, Linville DA, Eck KR, Ungacta FF: Long-term complications in adult spinal deformity patients having combined surgery: A comparison of primary to revision patients. Spine 2001;26(8):973-983
  91. Eck KR, Bridwell KH, Ungacta FF, Riew KD, Lapp MA, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K: Complications and results of long adult deformity fusions down to L4, L5 and the sacrum. Spine 2001; 26(9):E182-E192
  92. Lenke LG, Betz RR, Harms J, Bridwell KH, Clements DH, Lowe TG, Blanke K: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a new classification to determine extent of spinal arthrodesis. J Bone Joint Surg 2001;83A(8): 1169-1181
  93. Lenke LG, Engsberg JE, Ross SA, Reitenbach A, Blanke K, Bridwell KH: Prospective dynamic functional evaluation of gait and spinal balance following spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 2001; 26(14):E330-E337
  94. Engsberg JR, Bridwell KH, Reitenbach AK, Uhrich ML, Baldus C, Blanke K, Lenke LG: Preoperative gait comparisons between adults undergoing long spinal deformity fusion surgery (thoracic to L4, L5, or sacrum) and controls. Spine 2001;26(18):2020-2028
  95. Kuklo TR, Bridwell KH, Lewis SJ, Baldus C, Blanke K, Iffrig TM, Lenke LG: Minimum 2-year analysis of sacropelvic fixation and L5-S1 fusion using S1 and iliac screws. Spine 2001;26(18):1976-1983
  96. Sweet FA, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Blanke K, Whorton J: Prospective radiographic and clinical outcomes and complications of single solid rod instrumented anterior spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 2001;26(18):1956-1965
  97. Kuklo TR, Lenke LG, Graham EJ, Won DS, Sweet FA, Betz RR, Bridwell KH, Blanke KM: Spontaneous proximal thoracic curve correction after isolated fusion of the main thoracic curve in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 2001;26(18)1966-1975
  98. Bridwell KH, Kuklo TR, Lewis SJ, Sweet FA, Lenke LG, Baldus C: String test measurement to assess the effect of spinal deformity correction on spinal canal length. Spine 2001;26(18):2013-2019
  99. Zigler JE, Anderson PA, Bridwell K, Vaccaro A: What's new in spine surgery. J Bone Joint Surg 2001;83-A(8):1285-1292
  100. Lenke LG, Betz RR, Haher T, Merola A, Newton P, Lowe T, Clements D, Bridwell KH: Curve prevalence of a new classification of operative adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Does classification correlate with treatment. Spine 2002;27:604-611
  101. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH: Mesh cages in idiopathic scoliosis in adolescent. Clin Orthop 2002;394:98-108
  102. Eck KR, Bridwell KH, Ungacta FF, Lapp MA, Lenke LG, Riew KD: Mesh cages for spinal deformity in adults. Clin Orthop 2002;394:92-97
  103. Molinari RW, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG: Anterior column support in surgery for high-grade, isthmic spondylolisthesis. Clin Orthop 2002:394:109-120
  104. Lewis SJ, Lenke LG, Raynor BL, Long J, Bridwell KH, Riew KD, Padberg AM: Triggered electro-myographic threshold for accuracy of thoracic pedicle screw placement in a porcine model. Spine 2001; 26(22):2485-2489
  105. Engsberg JR, Lenke LG, Reitenbach AK, Hollander KW, Bridwell KH, Blanke K: Prospective evaluation of trunk range of motion in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis undergoing spinal fusion surgery. Spine 2002; 27(12):1346-1354
  106. Zigler JE, Boden S, Anderson PA, Bridwell K, Vaccaro A: What's new in spine surgery. J Bone Joint Surg 2002;84-A(7): 1282-1288
  107. Yukawa Y, Lenke LG, Tenhula J, Bridwell KH, Riew KD, Blanke K: A comprehensive study of patients with surgically treated lumbar spinal stenosis with neurogenic claudication. J Bone Joint Surg 2002; 84A(11):1954-1959
  108. Dobbs MB, Lenke LG, Szymanski DA, Morcuende JA, Weinstein SL, Bridwell KH, Sponseller PD: Prevalence of neural axia abnormalities in patients with infantile idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg 2002;84(12):2230-2234
  109. Hanson DS, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Rhee JM: Correlation of pelvic incidence with low and high-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis. Spine, Scoliosis Research Society Specialty Issue 2002;27(18):2026-2029
  110. Hanson DS, Bridwell KH, Rhee RM, Lenke LG: Dowel fibular strut grafts for high-grade dysplastic isthmic spondylolisthesis. Spine 2002;27(18):1982-1988
  111. Bridwell KH, Hanson DS, Rhee JM, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K: Correction of thoracic idiopathic adolescent scoliosis with segmental hooks, rods, Wisconsin wires posteriorly: It's bad and obsolete, correct? Spine 2002;27(18):2059-2066
  112. Kuklo TR, Lenke LG, Graham EJ, Won DS, Sweet FA, Blanke K, Bridwell KH: Correlation of radiographic, clinical and patient assessment of shoulder balance following fusion versus non-fusion of the proximal thoracic curve in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 2002;27(18):2013-2020
  113. Raynor BL, Lenke LG, Kim Y, Bridwell KH, Hanson DS, Padberg AM: Can triggered electromyograph thresholds accurately predict thoracic pedicle screw placement? Spine 2002;27(18):2030-2035
  114. Lenke LG, White DK, Kemp JS, Bridwell KH, Blanke KM, Engsberg JR: Evaluation of ventilatory efficience during exercise in idiopathic scoliosis patients undergoing spinal fusion. Spine 2002;27(18):2041-2045
  115. Rhee JM, Bridwell KH, Won DS, Lenke LG, Chotigavanichaya C, Hanson DS: Sagittal plane analysis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: The effect of anterior versus posterior instrumentation. Spine 2002;27(21): 2350-2356
  116. Cunningham BW, Lewis SJ, Long J, Dmitriev AE, Linville DA, Bridwell KH: Biomechanical evaluation of lumbosacral reconstruction techniques for spondylolisthesis: an in-vitro porcine model. Spine 2002;27(21): 2321-2327
  117. Bridwell KH, Lewis SJ, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K: Pedicle subtraction osteotomy for the treatment of fixed sagittal imbalance. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] (SRS Hibbs Award nominee) 2003;85(3):454-463
  118. Engsberg JR, Bridwell KH, Wagner JM, Uhrich ML, Blanke K, Lenke LG: Gait changes as the result of deformity reconstruction surgery in a group of adults with lumbar scoliosis. Spine 2003;28(16):1836-1843
  119. Rhee JM, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K, Berra A: Staged posterior surgery for severe adult deformity. Spine 2003;28(18):2116-2121
  120. Bridwell KH, Lewis S, Edwards C, Lenke LG, Iffrig TM, Berra A, Baldus C, Blanke K: Complications and outcomes of pedicle subtraction osteotomies for fixed sagittal imbalance. Spine 2003;28(18):2093-2101
  121. Edwards C, Bridwell K, Patel A, Rinella A, Della Rocca G, Berra A, Lenke L: Thoracolumbar deformity arthrodesis to L5 in adults: The fate of the L5-S1 disc. Spine 2003;28(18):2122-2131
  122. Bridwell KH. Introduction for Scoliosis Research Society Focus Issue on Motion Preservation. Spine 2003;28(20S):S101-102.
  123. McAfee PC, Polly Jr DW, Cunningham B, Gaines B, Hallab N, Lubicky J, Lenke L, Bridwell K. Clinical summary statement. Spine 2003;28(20S):S196-S198.
  124. Lenke LG, Edwards II CC, Bridwell KH: The Lenke classification of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: how it organizes curve patterns as a template to perform selective fusions of the spine. Spine 2003; 8(20S):S199-S207.
  125. Bridwell KH, Edwards II, CC, Lenke LG: The pros and cons to saving the L5-S1 motion segment in a long scoliosis fusion construct. Spine 2003;28(20S):S234-S242
  126. Lenke LG, Anderson G, Bridwell KH, Gaines R, Lubicky J, McAfee L, Polly D, Weinstein J: Summary statement: Fusion technologies. Spine 2003;28(20S):S243-S244.
  127. Cole JW, Murray DJ, Snider RJ, Bassett GS, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG: Aprotinin reduces blood loss during spinal surgery in children. Spine 2003;28(21):2482-2485
  128. Dobbs MB, Lenke LG, Walton T, Peelle M, Steger-May K, Bridwell KH. Can we predict the ultimate lumbar curve in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients undergoing a selective fusion with undercorrection of the thoracic curve? Spine 2004;29(3):277-285
  129. Rinella A, Lenke L, Peelle M, Edwards C, Bridwell KH, Sides B: Comparison of SRS questionnaire results submitted by both parents and patients in the operative treatment of idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 2004;29(3): 303-310
  130. Rinella A, Bridwell K, Kim Y, Rudzki J, Edwards C, Roh M, Lenke L: Late complications of adult idiopathic scoliosis primary fusions to L4 and above: The effect of age and distal fusion level. Spine 2004;29(3):318-325
  131. Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Cho YS, Bridwell KH, Riew KD: Free hand pedicle screw placement in the thoracic spine: Is it safe? Spine 2004;29(3):333-342
  132. Edwards CC, Lenke LG, Peelle M, Sides B, Rinella A, Bridwell KH: Selective thoracic fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with C modifier lumbar curves: 2- to 16-year radiographic and clinical results. Spine 2004;29(5):536-546
  133. Engsberg JR, Lenke LG, Uhrich ML, Ross SA, Bridwell KH: Prospective comparison of gait and trunk range of motion in adolescents with idiopathic thoracic scoliosis undergoing anterior or posterior spinal fusion. Spine 2003;28(17):1993-2000
  134. Padberg A, Wilson-Holden TJ, Bassett GS, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH: Prospective comparison of the three methods of motor stimulation for NMEP production. Spine (in press)
  135. Edwards II CC, Bridwell KH, Patel A, Rinella A, Berra A, Lenke LG: Long adult deformity fusions to L5 and the sacrum: A matched cohort analysis. Spine (In press, accepted)
  136. Glassman SD, Berven S, Bridwell K, Horton W, Dimar JR. Correlation of radiographic parameters and clinical symptoms in adult scoliosis. Spine (In press, accepted)

Invited Publications: Journal Articles

  1. Bridwell KH: Cotrel-Dubousset spinal instrumentation. Mediguide to Orthopaedics 1986;7:1-4
  2. Bridwell KH: Experience with first 93 CD instrumentations. Proceedings of the International Congress on Cotrel-Dubousset Instrumentation, July, 1986, pp. 122-125
  3. Bridwell KH: Experience with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation for idiopathic scoliosis. 4th Proceedings of the International Congress on Cotrel-Dubousset Instrumentation, Sauramps Medical Publishers, 1987, pp. 21-23
  4. Bridwell KH: Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation for pathologic instability. 4th Proceedings of the International Congress on Cotrel-Dubousset Instrumentation, Sauramps Medical Publishers, 1987, pp. 96-98
  5. Bridwell KH: The pediatric Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation. 4th Proceedings of the International Congress on Cotrel-Dubousset Instrumentation, Sauramps Medical Publishers, 1987, pp. 149-150
  6. Bridwell KH: Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation. Orthop Nurs 1988;7(1):11-16
  7. Rames RD, Morgan HC, Bridwell KH: Lumbar diskectomy: Operative indications and technique. Surgical Rounds for Orthopedics 1988;2(6):15-19
  8. Bridwell KH: Spinal instrumentation in the lumbar spine. Surgical Rounds for Orthopedics 1988;2(6):36-48
  9. Bridwell KH: Indications and techniques of anterior spinal surgery. Back Talk 1988;13:3 11
  10. Naito M, Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Oakley DM: Effects of traction on the spinal cord. J Japanese Spine Res 1990;1(85):15-20
  11. Naito M, Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Ogata K, Sugioka Y: Neurogenic motor evoked potentials. Bessatu Seikeigeka (Orthopedic Surgery) 1990;18:128-132
  12. Naito M, Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Barnkow DS, Sugioka Y: Magnetic stimulation. Bessatu Seikeigeka (Orthopedic Surgery) 1990;18:133-136
  13. Bridwell KH, Lenke LG: Achieving coronal balance in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) treated with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation (CDI). VIIIth Proceedings of the International Congress on Cotrel-Dubousset Instrumentation, Sauramps Medical Publishers, 1991, pp. 27-32
  14. Bridwell KH: Treatment of metastatic prostate cancer of the spine. Urol Clin North Am 1991;18(1):153-159
  15. Naito M, Sugioka Y, Oakley DM, Owen JH, Bridwell KH: Blood flow direction in the lumbar nerve root and its clinical relevance. Japanese Journal of Clinical Orthopaedic Surgery 1992;27:349-353
  16. Bridwell KH: Point of View. Spine 1994;19(9):1037-1038 (Stokes IAF, Ronchetti PJ, Aronsson DD: Changes in shape of the adolescent idiopathic scoliosis curve after surgical correction. Spine 1994;19(9): 1032-1038
  17. Joyce ME, O'Brien MF, Lenke LG, Lou J, Bridwell KH: Characterization of cellular and molecular events in acute spinal cord injury. Spinal Frontiers 1994;1(2):1-12
  18. Slone RM, McEnery KW, Bridwell KH, Montgomery WJ: Principles and imaging of spinal instrumentation. Radiol Clin North Am 1995;33(2):189-212
  19. Slone RM, McEnery KW, Bridwell KH, Montgomery WJ: Fixation techniques and instrumentation used in the cervical spine. Radiol Clin North Am 1995;33(2):213-232
  20. Slone RM, McEnery KW, Bridwell KH, Montgomery WJ: Fixation techniques and instrumentation used in the thoracic, lumbar and lumbosacral spine. Radiol Clin North Am 1995;33(2):233-266
  21. Bridwell KH: Evaluation and treatment of adult degenerative de novo scoliosis (ADDS). Back Talk 1995; 18(3):5-6
  22. Bridwell KH: Point of View. Stephens GC, Yoo JU, Wilbur G: Comparison of lumbar sagittal alignment produced by different operative positions. Spine 1996;21:1807
  23. Bridwell KH: Point of View. Hopf CG, Eysel P, Dubousset J: Operative treatment of scoliosis with the Cotrel-Dubousset-Hopf instrumentation: new anterior spinal device. Spine 1997;22(6):627-628
  24. Bridwell KH: Surgical decision making in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. In: Albert TJ, Balderston RA (eds), Scoliosis issue. Seminars in Spine Surgery 1997;9(2):130-140
  25. Bridwell KH: Point of View. Korovessis PG, Stamatakis MV, Baikousis AG: Reciprocal angulation of vertebral bodies in sagittal plane in an asymptomatic Greek population. Spine 1998;23(6):704
  26. Bridwell KH: Point of View. McCance S: Coronal and sagittal balance in surgically treated adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with the King II curve pattern: A review of 67 consecutive cases having selective thoracic arthrodesis. Spine 1998;23(19):2073-2074
  27. Bridwell KH: The posterior, middle, and anterior column of the spine. Clin Orthop 2002;394:2-3
  28. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH: Open anterior scoliosis correction for pediatric spinal deformity. In: Wiesel SW, Boden SD (eds), Pediatric Spinal Deformity issue. Seminars in Spine Surgery 2003;15(3):236-243
  29. Bridwell KH, Lewis SJ, Rinella A, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K: Pedicle subtraction osteotomy for the treatment of fixed sagittal imbalance: Surgical technique. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 2004;86A(1):44-50
  30. Bridwell KH. Selection of instrumentation and fusion levels for scoliosis: where to start and where to stop? J Neurosurg: Spine 2004;1:1-8
  31. Bridwell KH, Kuklo TR, Lenke LG, O'Brien MF, Harms J. Failed lumbosacral fixation: Considerations and revision strategies. In: Kuklo TR, O'Brien MF (eds): Lumbosacral and Spinopelvic Fixation issue. Seminars in Spine Surgery (submitted 11/03)
  32. Bridwell K (ed), Anderson PA, Boden S, Vaccaro A, Zigler JE: What's new in spine surgery. J Bone Joint Surg (submitted 2/04)
  33. Bridwell KH: Utlization of iliac screws and structural interbody grafting for revision spondylolisthesis surgery. Spine - SRS Focus Issue (submitted 3/04)

Book Chapters

  1. Bridwell KH, Saul TG: Upper thoracic spinal instability. In: Dunsker SB, Schmidek HH, Frymoyer J, Kahn A (eds). The Unstable Spine. Grune and Stratton, Inc., 1986, pp 85-107
  2. Bridwell KH: Idiopathic scoliosis. In: Bridwell KH, DeWald RL (eds). The Textbook of Spinal Surgery. Vol. 1. Philadelphia, JB Lippincott Company, 1991, pp 97 162
  3. Bridwell KH: Primary tumors of the spine. In: Bridwell KH, DeWald RL (eds). The Textbook of Spinal Surgery. Vol. 2. Philadelphia, JB Lippincott Company, 1991, pp 1143-1185
  4. Allen BT, Bridwell KH: Paramedian anterior retroperitoneal approach to the anterior lumbar spine. In: Bridwell KH, DeWald RL (eds). The Textbook of Spinal Surgery. Philadelphia, JB Lippincott Company, 1991, pp 85-96
  5. Bridwell KH: Low lumbar (L3-L4-L5) burst fractures. In: Floman Y, Farcy J-PC, Argenson C (eds). Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures. New York, Raven Press, 1993, pp 223-234
  6. Bridwell KH: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Surgical treatment. Chapter 24. In: Weinstein SL (ed). The Pediatric Spine: Principles and Practice (1st ed). New York, Raven Press, 1994, pp 511-555
  7. Bridwell KH, Lenke LG: Prevention and treatment of decompensation. When can levels be saved and selective fusion be performed in idiopathic scoliosis? In: Farcy J-PC (ed). Complex Spinal Deformities. Spine: State of the Art Reviews, Vol. 8, No. 3. Philadelphia, Hanley and Belfus, Inc., 1994, pp 643-657
  8. Bridwell KH: Lumbar spinal stenosis: Diagnosis, management, and treatment. In: The Aging Spine. In: Perry HM III (ed). Clinics in Geriatric Medicine. Vol. 10, No. 4. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1994, pp 677-701
  9. Lenke LG, O'Brien MF, Bridwell KH: Fractures and dislocations of the spine. Chapter 14. In: Perry CR, Elstrom JA, Pankovich AM (eds). The Handbook of Fractures. St. Louis, McGraw-Hill, Inc, 1995, pp 157-197
  10. Bridwell KH: Management of tumors at the lumbosacral junction. Chapter 10. In: Margulies JY, Floman Y, Farcy J-PC, Neuwirth MG (eds). Lumbosacral and Spinopelvic Fixation. Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven Publishers, 1996, pp 109-122
  11. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH: Biomechanical considerations in the correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. In: Merola AA, Haher TR (eds). Current Concepts and Controversies in Spinal Biomechanics. Spine: State of the Art Reviews, Vol. 10, No. 3. Philadelphia, Hanley and Belfus, Inc., 1996, pp 409-431
  12. Allen BT, Bridwell KH: Paramedian retroperitoneal approach to the anterior lumbar spine. Chapter 24. In: Bridwell KH, DeWald RL (eds). The Textbook of Spinal Surgery (2 ed). Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven Publishers, 1997, pp 267-274
  13. Bridwell KH: Degenerative scoliosis. Chapter 48. In: Bridwell KH, DeWald RL (eds). The Textbook of Spinal Surgery (2 ed). Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven Publishers, 1997, pp 777-795
  14. Bridwell KH: Acquired degenerative spondylolisthesis without lysis. Chapter 73. In: Bridwell KH, DeWald RL (eds). The Textbook of Spinal Surgery (2 ed). Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven Publishers, 1997, pp 1299-1315
  15. Bridwell KH: Osteotomies for fixed deformities in the thoracic and lumbar spine. Chapter 50. In: Bridwell KH, DeWald RL (eds). The Textbook of Spinal Surgery (2 ed). Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven Publishers, 1997, pp 821-835
  16. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH: Adult spondylolisthesis with lysis. Chapter 72. In: Bridwell KH, DeWald RL (eds). The Textbook of Spinal Surgery (2 ed). Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven Publishers, 1997, pp 1269-1298
  17. Gelb DE, Bridwell KH: Primary benign tumors of the spine. Chapter 105. In: Bridwell KH, DeWald RL (eds). The Textbook of Spinal Surgery (2 ed). Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven Publishers, 1997, pp 1959-1981
  18. Bridwell KH: Surgical treatment of pediatric idiopathic scoliosis. Chapter 9. In: An HS (ed). Principles and Techniques of Spine Surgery. Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins, 1998, pp 187-212
  19. Bridwell KH: Adult idiopathic and degenerative scoliosis. In: Garfin SR (ed): Orthopaedic Knowledge Update: Spine (1 ed). American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Rosemont, IL, 1997, pp 161-171
  20. Bridwell KH: The use of structural allograft for anterior spinal reconstruction. In: Zdeblick TA (ed). Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery and New Techniques for Spinal Fusion. Spine: State of the Art Reviews, Vol. 11, No. 2. Philadelphia, Hanley and Belfus, Inc., 1997, pp 361-371
  21. Lenke LG, Linville D, Bridwell KH: Sagittal balance considerations in adults. In: Margulies JY, Aebi M, Farcy J-PC (eds).. Philadelphia, Mosby-Year Book, 1999, pp 752-770
  22. Bridwell KH: Pedicle subtraction (three column) osteotomy. In: McCarthy RE (ed), Spinal Instrumentation Techniques Manual. Section 11 Special Techniques. Rosemont, IL, Scoliosis Research Society, 1998, pp 1-9
  23. Bridwell KH: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Surgery. Chapter 21. In: Weinstein S (ed): (2nd ed). Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001, pp 385-411
  24. Bridwell KH: Reconstruction of the failed fusion. In: Drummond D (ed), Strategies in the Pediatric Spine, Spine: State of the Art Reviews, Vol. 14(1), Philadelphia, Hanley and Belfus, Inc., 2000, pp 141-161
  25. Bridwell KH: Adult deformity: Scoliosis and sagittal plane deformities. In: Vaccaro AR, Betz RR, Zeidman SM (eds): Principles and Practice of Spine Surgery. Philadelphia, Mosby, 2003, pp 539-547
  26. Bridwell KH: Complications of anterior and posterior thoracic and lumbar instrumentation. In: Vaccaro AR, Betz RR, Zeidman SM (eds): Principles and Practice of Spine Surgery. Philadelphia, Mosby, 2003, pp 727-734
  27. Bridwell KH, Boachie-Adjei O: Lumbar spine: Deformity. In: Boden SD, Bohlman HH (ed): The Failed Spine. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2003, pp 220-236
  28. Bridwell KH: Pedicle subtraction osteotomy. In: Vaccaro AR, Albert TJ (eds): Spine Surgery Tricks of the Trade. New York, Thieme, 2003, pp 146-147
  29. Bridwell KH: Smith-Petersen osteotomy. In: Vaccaro AR, Albert TJ (eds): Spine Surgery Tricks of the Trade. New York, Thieme, 2003, pp 148-149
  30. Bridwell KH: Spine osteotomy and resection. In: DeWald RL (ed): Spinal Deformities: The Comprehensive Text. New York, Thieme, 2003, pp 551-561
  31. Bridwell KH: Staging plus complications of approaches. In: DeWald RL (ed): Spinal Deformities: The Comprehensive Text. New York, Thieme, 2003, pp 562-567
  32. Bridwell KH: Posterior scoliosis correction: Double major curves. In: Haher TR, Merola AA (eds): Surgical Techniques for the Spine, New York, Thieme 2003, pp 153-155
  33. Bridwell KH: Posterior scoliosis correction: King type V/double thoracic curves. In: Haher TR, Merola AA (eds): Surgical Techniques for the Spine, New York, Thieme 2003, pp 156-158
  34. Bridwell KH: Sacro-pelvic fixation. In: Bradford DS, Zdeblick T (eds): Master Techniques in Orthopaedic Surgery: The Spine, 2nd edition. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2004, pp 335-345
  35. Bridwell KH. Adult idiopathic and degenerative scoliosis. In: Devlin VJ (ed): Spine Secrets. Philadelphia, Hanley & Belfus, Inc., 2003, pp 336-340
  36. Bridwell KH: Anterior decancellation procedures for scoliosis with sagittal imbalance. Chapter 21. In: Lenke LG, Betz RR, Harms J (eds): Modern Anterior Scoliosis Surgery. St. Louis, Quality Medical Publishing, 2004, pp 287-301
  37. Bridwell KH: Limits of anterior scoliosis surgery: When is the posterior approach the better option? Chapter 19. In: Lenke LG, Betz RR, Harms J (eds): Modern Anterior Scoliosis Surgery. St. Louis, Quality Medical Publishing, 2004, pp 259-269
  38. Bridwell KH: Degenerative conditions - Monosegmental/multisegmental: Lumbar. In: Whitecloud III TS, Harms J (eds): Anterior Spinal Column Reconstruction: Biomechanics, Rationale and Techniques. Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven Publishers (in press, accepted for publication 7/98; anticipated publication 6/99)
  39. Bridwell KH: Burst fractures: Posterior fixation and fusion: 6 screws and 2 hooks. In: Tornetta P (ed): Techniques in Fracture Surgery. Philadelphia, Mosby (published 12/00), pp
  40. Bridwell KH: Adult scoliosis. In: Pellegrini V (ed): Operative Orthopaedics. New York, McGraw-Hill (accepted for publication 3/10/00, anticipated publication 12/00)
  41. Prpa B, Bridwell KH, Lieberman IH: Scheuermann's disease. In: Benzel EC (ed): Spine Surgery II: Techniques, Complication Avoidance, and Management, 2nd edition. Philadelphia, Elsevier Science (submitted 7/02).
  42. Bridwell KH. Lumbosacral junction and sacrum stabilization (Medtronic). In: Kim D, Vaccaro A, Fessler R (eds): Surgical Techniques in Spinal Instrumentation. New York, Thieme, 2004
  43. Bridwell KH. Indications for anterior only and combined (anterior and posterior) approaches (thoracic and lumbar spine) and techniques in pediatric and adult patients. In: Pellegrini V (ed): AAOS Instructional Course Lectures Volume 54. Rosemont, AAOS, 2004

Audio Visual Publications

  1. Bridwell KH, Kain CC: Surgical treatment of burst fractures. Medical Outlook for Orthopedic Surgeons, Vol. 1, No. 3, December, 1985
  2. Bridwell KH: Cotrel-Dubousset spinal instrumentation. Video Journal of Orthopedics, Vol. 1, No. 2, July, 1986
  3. Bridwell KH: Spinal infections and osteomyelitis. Audio-Digest Orthopaedics, Vol 11, No 2, February 1988
  4. Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Shimon SM, Barnkow DS: Procedural guide for eliciting somatosensory and motor evoked potentials during surgery. Individual orthopedic instruction video/video disc theatre. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Library, VT-318, 1988
  5. Bridwell KH: Adult scoliosis. Orthopaedic Grand Rounds, Case Discussion Series. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, CD-ROM, June 1995 issue

Work in Progress: Journal Articles

  1. Padberg A, Parkinson JD, Bridwell KH, Wilson-Holden T, Raynor BL, Lenke LG, Riew KD: Warning criteria for intraoperative somatosensory evoked potential monitoring data: Experience with 3783 cases. To be submitted to J Bone Joint Surg Am (as of 5/20/02)
  2. Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Kim KN, Sides B, Whorton J, Blanke K: Prospective evaluation of pulmonary function in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis relative to the surgical approach: Minimum 5 year follow-up. Submitted to Spine
  3. Riew KD, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Hilibrand A, Molinari RW, Booth KC, Trinkaus KM, Edwards CC: MRI versus myelogram-CT: Surgical decision making for lumbar stenosis. Spine (submitted September 2002)
  4. Rinella AS, Lenke LG, Whitaker C, Kim Y, Park S, Peelle M, Bridwell KH: Perioperative halo-gravity traction in the treatment of severe scoliosis and kyphosis. Spine (submitted 10/03)
  5. Cats-Baril W, Bridwell KH, Berven S, Glassman S, Farcy J-P, Horton W, Lenke LG, Radake T. The validity of the SRS-22 instrument in an adult spinal deformity population compared to the Oswestry and SF-12 (a study of response distribution, concurrent validity and internal consistency). Spine (submitted 10/03)
  6. Glattes RC, Lenke LG, Rinella A, Edwards II C, Bridwell KH: Proximal junctional kyphosis in adult spinal deformity following long instrumented posterior spinal fusion: incidence, outcomes and risk factors analysis. Spine (submitted 10/03)
  7. Kim Y, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Rinella A: Pseudarthrosis in adult idiopathic scoliosis primary fusions. Spine (submitted 10/03)
  8. Orchowski JR, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG: Neurological deficit from a purely vascular etiology after unilateral vessel ligation of segmental arteries during anterior thoracolumbar fusion of the spine. Spine (submitted 10/03)
  9. Kim Y, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH: Comparative analysis of pedicle screw versus hook instrumentation in posterior spinal fusion of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A matched cohort analysis. Spine (submitted 10/03)
  10. Lenke LG, Blanke K, Sides B, Steger-May K, Bridwell KH, Satake K, Kim Y: Can we predict postoperative disc wedging below anterior instrumented thoracolumbar/lumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis fusions? Spine (submitted 10/03)
  11. Sefter JC, Cunningham B, Dmitriev A, Hu N, Kim SW, Bridwell KH, McAfee PC. Biomechanical comparison of iliac screws versus femoral ring allograft on sacral screw strain. Spine (submitted 10/03)
  12. Satake K, Lenke LG, Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Blanke KM, Sides B, Steger-May K: Analysis of the lowest instrumented vertebra following anterior spinal fusion of thoracolumbar/lumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Can we predict postoperative disc wedging? Spine (submitted 10/03)